The cost of running uphill: linking organismal and muscle energy use in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
The cost of running uphill: linking organismal and muscle energy use in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris).
Uphill running requires more energy than level running at the same speed, largely due to the additional mechanical work of elevating the body weight. We explored the distribution of energy use among the leg muscles of guinea fowl running on the level and uphill using both organismal energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and muscle blood flow measurements. We tested each bird under four condit...
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The goal of this study was to test whether the contractile patterns of two major hindlimb extensors of guinea fowl are altered by load-carrying exercise. We hypothesized that changes in contractile pattern, specifically a decrease in muscle shortening velocity or enhanced stretch activation, would result in a reduction in locomotor energy cost relative to the load carried. We also anticipated t...
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The thymus gland is a lymphoid tissue derived from III and IV pharyngeal pouches. It is the source of stem cells that migrate to other lymphoid organs and participate in immune reactions (Kent, 1978). The thymus gland is regarded immunologically as a primary or central lymphoid organ and its presence is essential for the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues and their associated adaptive i...
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Lung ventilation of tetrapods that synchronize their locomotory and ventilatory cycles during exercise could be economized if the resonant frequency of the respiratory system matched the animal's preferred step frequency. To test whether animals utilize this strategy, the input impedance of the respiratory system of five anesthetized, supine guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) was measured using a f...
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Understanding the mechanical determinants of the energy cost of limb swing is crucial for refining our models of locomotor energetics, as well as improving treatments for those suffering from impaired limb-swing mechanics. In this study, we use guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) as a model to explore whether mechanical work at the joints explains limb-swing energy use by combining inverse dynamic m...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Biology
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1477-9145,0022-0949
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02310